The Effect of Postnatal Care on the Postpartum Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Published
Aug 2, 2024
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Tesfalem Tilahun
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-975X
Nigusie Tadesse
Mengestu Mera
Abebe Kassa
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-975X
Nigusie Tadesse
Mengestu Mera
Abebe Kassa
Abstract
Background: The use of contraception after childbirth is a critical step in ensuring healthy spacing between births and reducing maternal and infant mortality. However, it is often observed that the use of postpartum contraception is low. In this context, postnatal care (PNC) visits are an important opportunity to promote postpartum contraceptive use. Therefore, this review aims to examine the effect of postnatal visits on utilization of postpartum contraceptive.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies were conducted. Pub Med, HINARI, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ETH Library, and Google Scholar were used to search all articles. STATA 14 software was used for analysis. To assess publication bias, funnel plots and Egger's tests were utilized. A random effect model was employed to determine the pooled prevalence
Results: The finding of the present systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that having postnatal care visits increases the utilization of postpartum contraceptive [pooled effect size 2.92 (95% CI, 2.21, 3.881)]. Postnatal care can provide critical information and support to women during the postpartum period, including information about family planning and contraceptive options.
Conclusion: The utilization of postpartum contraception is a critical aspect of maternal and child health. Postnatal care visits provide an opportunity to promote postpartum contraception. During these visits, healthcare providers can provide information on the available contraceptive methods, counsel women on the benefits and risks of each method, and assist in the selection of a suitable method.
PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020156574.
Key words: postnatal care, postpartum contraceptives, systematic review, meta-analysis, Ethiopia.
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Keywords
Postnatal care, Postpartum contraceptive, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Ethiopia.
References
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12. Moore, Z., et al., Missed opportunities for family planning: an analysis of pregnancy risk and contraceptive method use among postpartum women in 21 low-and middle-income countries. Contraception, 2015. 92(1): p. 31-39.
13. Pasha, O., et al., Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries. Reproductive health, 2015. 12(2): p. S11.
14. Mossie MY, P.A., Yusuf Y et al. , Counseling at all contacts for postpartum contraceptive use: can paper- based tools help community health workers improve continuity of care? A qualitative study from Ethiopia [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Gates Open Research 2021, 3:1652 2021.
15. Abraha, T.H., A.S. Teferra, and A.A. Gelagay, Postpartum modern contraceptive use in northern Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors - methodological issue in this cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Health, 2017. 39: p. e2017019r.
16. Abraha, T.H., et al., Predictors of postpartum contraceptive use in rural Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health, 2018. 18(1): p. 1-10.
17. Belete G. , G.A., and Gela G. , Utilization and associated factors of modern contraceptives during postpartum period among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in injibara town Awi Zone, North-West Ethiopia 2019.
18. Teka, T.T., Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa, Alemu Sufa Melka and Firew Tekle Bobo, Role of antenatal and postnatal care in contraceptive use during postpartum period in western Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 2018. 11:581.
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23. Getachew, M., Assessment of postpartum contraceptive adoption and associated factors in Butajira Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), in Southern Ethiopia. 2015 Available at: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/11952 Date accessed 2019 Oct 8, Addis Abeba Universty.
24. Dona, A., et al., Timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women of child bearing age in Aroressa District, Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 2018. 18(1): p. 1100.
25. Jaleta, D.N.Y., Hedeja Yenus .Tamirat, Koku Sisay Timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive and associated factors among women of extended postpartum period in Pawe district, northwest Ethiopia. Internal Medicine, 2019.
26. Seifu B, Y.D., Daba W., Knowledge, Utilization and Associated Factors of Postpartum Family Planning Among Women Who Had Delivered a Baby in the Past Year in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Dovepress, Open Access Journal of Contraception, 2022. 11 167–176.
27. Mihretie NG. , A.S.D.A., Gebrehana H. , Getie A. ,Getnet B. , Degu A. , Postpartum Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months in Addis Zemen, South Gondar, Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Women’s Health, Dovepress, 2022. 12 1241–1251.
28. Yimam A. , F.G., Kalayu M., Anbesu EW., Contraceptive Use and Its Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth within 12 Months in Dubti Town, Pastoral Community, of Afar Region Northeast, Ethiopia. Journal of Pregnancy Volume 2021, Article ID 6617189, 8 pages, 2021.
29. Asires, H.A., S. Negash, and Y. Getiye, Assessment of Contraceptive Need and Practice of Women in the Extended Postpartum Period in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [8G]. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2018. 131: p. 76-77S.
30. Borda M. , W.W., Postpartum Fertility and Contraception: An Analysis of Findings from 17 Countries. United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2010.
31. Rubee Dev , P.K., Molly Feder, Jennifer A. Unger, Nancy F. Woods and Alison L. Drake, A systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries. Reproductive Health, 2019. 16:: p. 154.
32. Yemane, T.T., et al., Postpartum Family Planning Use and Its Determinants among Women of the Reproductive Age Group in Low-Income Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2021. 2021: p. 5580490.
2. Gaffield, M.E., S. Egan, and M. Temmerman, It's about time: WHO and partners release programming strategies for postpartum family planning. Global Health: Science and Practice, 2014. 2(1): p. 4-9 Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4168603/ Date accessed 2019 Nov 9.
3. World Health Organization (WHO), D.o.R.H.a.R., Contraception, Evidence brief human reproduction programme research for impact, 2019.
4. DaVanzo, J., et al., Effects of interpregnancy interval and outcome of the preceding pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in Matlab, Bangladesh. BJOG, 2007. 114(9): p. 1079-87 Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2366022/Date accessed 2019 Sep 25.
5. WHO, Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing. Geneva: WHO; 2005 Available at: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/birth_spacing05/en/ Date accessed 2019 Nov 10. 2018.
6. Linnea A. Zimmerman, Y.Y., Mahari Yihdego, Solomon Abrha, Solomon Shiferaw, Assefa Seme and and S. Ahmed, Effect of integrating maternal health services and family planning services on postpartum family planning behavior in Ethiopia: results from a longitudinal survey. BMC Public Health, 2019. 19:1448.
7. Winfrey, W. and K. Rakesh, Use of family planning in the postpartum period. : ICF International, 2014. Available at: http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/CR36/CR36.pdf. Date accessed 2019 Nov 10.
8. Hounton, S., et al., Patterns and trends of postpartum family planning in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Nigeria: evidence of missed opportunities for integration. Glob Health Action, 2015. 8: p. 29738 Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4642460/ Date accessed 2019 Nov 9.
9. Kassebaum, N.J., et al., Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 2014. 384(9947): p. 980-1004 Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24797575/ Date accessed 2019 Sep 16.
10. WHO, Statement for collective action for postpartum family planning. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013 Available at: https://www.mchip.net/sites/default/files/PPFP%20Statement%20for%20Action.pdf Date accessed 2019 Nov 9.
11. Welsh, A., Best practice in postpartum family planning. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 27 Sussex Place, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RG, 2015: p. 1-8.
12. Moore, Z., et al., Missed opportunities for family planning: an analysis of pregnancy risk and contraceptive method use among postpartum women in 21 low-and middle-income countries. Contraception, 2015. 92(1): p. 31-39.
13. Pasha, O., et al., Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries. Reproductive health, 2015. 12(2): p. S11.
14. Mossie MY, P.A., Yusuf Y et al. , Counseling at all contacts for postpartum contraceptive use: can paper- based tools help community health workers improve continuity of care? A qualitative study from Ethiopia [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Gates Open Research 2021, 3:1652 2021.
15. Abraha, T.H., A.S. Teferra, and A.A. Gelagay, Postpartum modern contraceptive use in northern Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors - methodological issue in this cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Health, 2017. 39: p. e2017019r.
16. Abraha, T.H., et al., Predictors of postpartum contraceptive use in rural Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health, 2018. 18(1): p. 1-10.
17. Belete G. , G.A., and Gela G. , Utilization and associated factors of modern contraceptives during postpartum period among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in injibara town Awi Zone, North-West Ethiopia 2019.
18. Teka, T.T., Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa, Alemu Sufa Melka and Firew Tekle Bobo, Role of antenatal and postnatal care in contraceptive use during postpartum period in western Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 2018. 11:581.
19. Page MJ, M.J., Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al., The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. . PLoS Med 2021. 18(3): (e1003583. ).
20. Lo, C.K.-L., D. Mertz, and M. Loeb, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments. BMC medical research methodology, 2014. 14(1): p. 45 Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24690082/ Date accessed 2019 Nov 11.
21. Stang, A., Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. European journal of epidemiology, 2010. 25(9): p. 603-605 Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20652370/ Date accessed 2019 Nov 11.
22. DerSimonian, R. and N. Laird, Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled clinical trials, 1986. 7(3): p. 177-188 Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3802833/ Date accessed 2019 Nov 11.
23. Getachew, M., Assessment of postpartum contraceptive adoption and associated factors in Butajira Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), in Southern Ethiopia. 2015 Available at: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/11952 Date accessed 2019 Oct 8, Addis Abeba Universty.
24. Dona, A., et al., Timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women of child bearing age in Aroressa District, Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 2018. 18(1): p. 1100.
25. Jaleta, D.N.Y., Hedeja Yenus .Tamirat, Koku Sisay Timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive and associated factors among women of extended postpartum period in Pawe district, northwest Ethiopia. Internal Medicine, 2019.
26. Seifu B, Y.D., Daba W., Knowledge, Utilization and Associated Factors of Postpartum Family Planning Among Women Who Had Delivered a Baby in the Past Year in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Dovepress, Open Access Journal of Contraception, 2022. 11 167–176.
27. Mihretie NG. , A.S.D.A., Gebrehana H. , Getie A. ,Getnet B. , Degu A. , Postpartum Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months in Addis Zemen, South Gondar, Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Women’s Health, Dovepress, 2022. 12 1241–1251.
28. Yimam A. , F.G., Kalayu M., Anbesu EW., Contraceptive Use and Its Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth within 12 Months in Dubti Town, Pastoral Community, of Afar Region Northeast, Ethiopia. Journal of Pregnancy Volume 2021, Article ID 6617189, 8 pages, 2021.
29. Asires, H.A., S. Negash, and Y. Getiye, Assessment of Contraceptive Need and Practice of Women in the Extended Postpartum Period in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [8G]. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2018. 131: p. 76-77S.
30. Borda M. , W.W., Postpartum Fertility and Contraception: An Analysis of Findings from 17 Countries. United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2010.
31. Rubee Dev , P.K., Molly Feder, Jennifer A. Unger, Nancy F. Woods and Alison L. Drake, A systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries. Reproductive Health, 2019. 16:: p. 154.
32. Yemane, T.T., et al., Postpartum Family Planning Use and Its Determinants among Women of the Reproductive Age Group in Low-Income Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2021. 2021: p. 5580490.
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